我用谷歌浏览器和微信，下载都没事啊

不是的  thunderbird 是我打包的 要是有这种问题 我早就骂人了。

你从命令行里面打开这些app  然后看看退出的时候有啥报错没？

感谢大佬提示，我目前正在测试，还没有找到解决问题的方法。

$ firefox

(firefox-esr:27124): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: 09:39:59.512: g_value_set_boxed: assertion 'G_VALUE_HOLDS_BOXED (value)' failed

(/usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox-esr:27195): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: 09:39:59.854: g_value_set_boxed: assertion 'G_VALUE_HOLDS_BOXED (value)' failed

(/usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox-esr:27256): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: 09:40:00.311: g_value_set_boxed: assertion 'G_VALUE_HOLDS_BOXED (value)' failed

(/usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox-esr:27400): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: 09:40:03.932: g_value_set_boxed: assertion 'G_VALUE_HOLDS_BOXED (value)' failed

(/usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox-esr:27529): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: 09:40:26.891: g_value_set_boxed: assertion 'G_VALUE_HOLDS_BOXED (value)' failed

(firefox-esr:27124): Gtk-WARNING **: 09:41:24.403: Could not load a pixbuf from icon theme.
This may indicate that pixbuf loaders or the mime database could not be found.

(firefox-esr:27124): GLib-GIO-ERROR **: 09:41:24.471: Settings schema 'org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser' is not installed
ExceptionHandler::GenerateDump cloned child 27919
ExceptionHandler::WaitForContinueSignal waiting for continue signal...
ExceptionHandler::SendContinueSignalToChild sent continue signal to child

(crashreporter:27921): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: 09:41:24.561: g_value_set_boxed: assertion 'G_VALUE_HOLDS_BOXED (value)' failed
Exiting due to channel error.
Exiting due to channel error.
Exiting due to channel error.
Exiting due to channel error.
追踪与中断点陷阱

$ thunderbird

(thunderbird:29343): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: 09:43:55.467: g_value_set_boxed: assertion 'G_VALUE_HOLDS_BOXED (value)' failed

(thunderbird:29343): Gtk-WARNING **: 09:44:19.974: Could not load a pixbuf from icon theme.
This may indicate that pixbuf loaders or the mime database could not be found.

(thunderbird:29343): GLib-GIO-ERROR **: 09:44:20.045: Settings schema 'org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser' is not installed
ExceptionHandler::GenerateDump cloned child 29979
ExceptionHandler::SendContinueSignalToChild sent continue signal to child
ExceptionHandler::WaitForContinueSignal waiting for continue signal...
追踪与中断点陷阱

$ echo $XDG_DATA_DIRS

~$ export XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas
~$ thunderbird

(thunderbird:782): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: 09:53:18.294: g_value_set_boxed: assertion 'G_VALUE_HOLDS_BOXED (value)' failed

(thunderbird:782): Gtk-WARNING **: 09:53:57.610: Could not find the icon 'application-wps-office.xlsx'. The 'hicolor' theme
was not found either, perhaps you need to install it.
You can get a copy from:
        http://icon-theme.freedesktop.org/releases

(thunderbird:782): Gtk-WARNING **: 09:54:00.533: Could not load a pixbuf from /org/gtk/libgtk/icons/16x16/status/image-missing.png.
This may indicate that pixbuf loaders or the mime database could not be found.
**
Gtk:ERROR:../../../../gtk/gtkiconhelper.c:494:ensure_surface_for_gicon: assertion failed (error == NULL): Failed to load /org/gtk/libgtk/icons/16x16/status/image-missing.png: 无法识别的图像文件格式 (gdk-pixbuf-error-quark, 3)
Redirecting call to abort() to mozalloc_abort

ExceptionHandler::GenerateDump cloned child 1687
ExceptionHandler::SendContinueSignalToChild sent continue signal to child
ExceptionHandler::WaitForContinueSignal waiting for continue signal...

我在一楼反馈的情况，可能原因是我更新和auto-remove造成的系统组件有缺失。和这些软件没有关系。不过有点奇怪系统自带的”浏览器”没有问题。

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgtk-3-common

try this

用这个命令重装gtk解决了。多谢大佬提示。还是简单粗暴的方法能解决问题。