背景

从deepin官方源进行了 sudo apt full-upgrade，其中涉及对nvidia显卡驱动版本的更新，580.105.08-0deepin2 -> 580.119.02-0deepin2。更新完成后重启，无法进入桌面，只进入了deepin命令行，然后长久等待无果。具体的更新日志如下：

Start-Date: 2026-02-10  09:14:53
Commandline: apt full-upgrade
Requested-By: zhangyiqin (1000)
Install: linux-headers-6.12.65-amd64-desktop-rolling:amd64 (25.01.01.11, automatic), linux-image-6.12.65-amd64-desktop-rolling:amd64 (25.01.01.11, automatic)
Upgrade: docker-compose-plugin:amd64 (5.0.0-1~debian.12~bookworm, 5.0.2-1~debian.12~bookworm), libnvidia-rtcore:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-opencl-common:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), docker-ce-cli:amd64 (5:29.1.3-1~debian.12~bookworm, 5:29.2.1-1~debian.12~bookworm), nvidia-opencl-icd:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvcuvid1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-opticalflow1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-suspend-common:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-fbc1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-alternative:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), deepin-desktop-environment-cli:amd64 (2025.10.28, 2026.01.15), libnvoptix1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libgles-nvidia1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libgles-nvidia2:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-egl-icd:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-vulkan-icd:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), vim:amd64 (2:9.1.1385-1deepin1, 2:9.1.1882-1deepin1), libnvidia-eglcore:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-glcore:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), dde-shell:amd64 (2.0.19, 2.0.19.2), dde-control-center:amd64 (6.1.58, 6.1.58.1), nvidia-vulkan-common:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-api1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), vim-common:amd64 (2:9.1.1385-1deepin1, 2:9.1.1882-1deepin1), libnvidia-ptxjitcompiler1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-ptxjitcompiler1:i386 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libglx-nvidia0:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-kernel-support:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), openprinting-ppds:amd64 (20230202-1, 20250819-1deepin1), libnvidia-gpucomp:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-powerd:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-driver-bin:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-driver-full:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-pkcs11-openssl3:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-nvvm4:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), deepin-desktop-environment-ll:amd64 (2025.10.28, 2026.01.15), docker-buildx-plugin:amd64 (0.30.1-1~debian.12~bookworm, 0.31.1-1~debian.12~bookworm), libnvidia-ml1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-glvkspirv:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-encode1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-driver-libs:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-driver:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), docker-ce:amd64 (5:29.1.3-1~debian.12~bookworm, 5:29.2.1-1~debian.12~bookworm), deepin-wine10-stable:amd64 (10.14deepin6, 10.14deepin7), deepin-desktop-environment-base:amd64 (2025.10.28, 2026.01.15), libssl3:amd64 (3.2.4-0deepin2, 3.2.4-0deepin6), linux-image-6.12.63-amd64-desktop-rolling:amd64 (25.01.01.09, 25.01.01.10), libgl1-nvidia-glvnd-glx:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), nvidia-cuda-mps:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), vim-tiny:amd64 (2:9.1.1385-1deepin1, 2:9.1.1882-1deepin1), docker-ce-rootless-extras:amd64 (5:29.1.3-1~debian.12~bookworm, 5:29.2.1-1~debian.12~bookworm), nvidia-kernel-dkms:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-allocator1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libnvidia-cfg1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), grub-efi-amd64-signed:amd64 (1.67.5+2.12+deepin, 1.67.5+2.12+deepin2), libnvidia-ngx1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libssl-dev:amd64 (3.2.4-0deepin2, 3.2.4-0deepin6), com.alibabainc.dingtalk:amd64 (7.8.15.5102301, 8.1.0.6011301), linux-firmware:amd64 (20250310.git9e1370d3-0ubuntu1deepin3, 20250310.git9e1370d3-0ubuntu1deepin5), vim-runtime:amd64 (2:9.1.1385-1deepin1, 2:9.1.1882-1deepin1), nvidia-egl-common:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), deepin-wine-builder:amd64 (3.4.1.007+v25-1, 3.4.2.003+v25-1), nvidia-legacy-check:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), linux-headers-6.12.63-amd64-desktop-rolling:amd64 (25.01.01.09, 25.01.01.10), deepin-desktop-environment-core:amd64 (2025.10.28, 2026.01.15), linux-headers-deepin-amd64:amd64 (23.01.01.36, 23.01.01.37), plymouth-theme-deepin-logo:amd64 (23.00.01, 2024.2500.6), nvidia-vdpau-driver:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), linux-image-deepin-amd64:amd64 (23.01.01.36, 23.01.01.37), libegl-nvidia0:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), shim-signed:amd64 (1.36.5+15.4.1-7, 1.36.11+15.8-1), firmware-nvidia-gsp:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), xserver-xorg-video-nvidia:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libdde-shell:amd64 (2.0.19, 2.0.19.2), libcuda1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), libcuda1:i386 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), microsoft-edge-stable:amd64 (143.0.3650.96-1, 144.0.3719.115-1), shim-signed-common:amd64 (1.36.5+15.4.1-7, 1.36.11+15.8-1deepin1), libcudadebugger1:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), dde-kwin:amd64 (6.0.5, 6.0.6), foomatic-db-compressed-ppds:amd64 (20230202-1, 20250819-1deepin1), shim-unsigned:amd64 (15.4.1-7, 15.8-1deepin1), openssl:amd64 (3.2.4-0deepin2, 3.2.4-0deepin6), nvidia-smi:amd64 (580.105.08-0deepin2, 580.119.02-0deepin2), linux-libc-dev:amd64 (25.01.01.09, 25.01.01.11)
Remove: linux-headers-6.12.43-amd64-desktop-rolling:amd64 (25.01.01.05), linux-image-6.12.43-amd64-desktop-rolling:amd64 (25.01.01.05)
End-Date: 2026-02-10  09:34:00

系统没有启用secure boot。

现场

由于我有核显，连接核显能够顺利进入图形化系统，然后进行debug。

初步使用lsmod和dmesg查看系统情况

lsmod | grep nvidia
（无输出）

sudo dmesg | grep -i nvidia
请输入密码:
验证成功
[    3.552397] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:06.0/0000:02:00.1/sound/card0/input14
[    3.672181] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:06.0/0000:02:00.1/sound/card0/input15
[    3.672210] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=8 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:06.0/0000:02:00.1/sound/card0/input16
[    3.672258] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=9 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:06.0/0000:02:00.1/sound/card0/input17
[    3.679918] audit: type=1400 audit(1770688888.171:4): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="nvidia_modprobe" pid=877 comm="apparmor_parser"
[    3.679919] audit: type=1400 audit(1770688888.171:5): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="nvidia_modprobe//kmod" pid=877 comm="apparmor_parser"

lsmod | grep nvidia 无输出：说明内核中没有加载 NVIDIA 的驱动模块。dmesg没有相关报错。

lsmod | grep nouveau无输出：说明没有其他驱动抢占。

dpkg -l | grep nvidia-driver输出为：

可以看到驱动是实际存在的。
尝试解决
重新编译DKMS
sudo dkms install -m nvidia -v 580.119.02

Sign command: /lib/modules/6.12.63-amd64-desktop-rolling/build/scripts/sign-file
Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key
Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub

Error! Could not find module source directory.
Directory: /usr/src/nvidia-580.119.02 does not exist.

apt list提示：nvidia-kernel-dkms/未知,now 580.119.02-0deepin2 amd64 [已安装，自动]，因此DKMS应该是已经安装好了的，所以检查路径
ls /usr/src/ | grep nvidia
nvidia-current-580.119.02

发现命名里面多了个current，创建一个软链接，去除这个current，然后再试一下DKMS：
cd /usr/src/
sudo ln -s nvidia-current-580.119.02 nvidia-580.119.02
sudo dkms install -m nvidia -v 580.119.02
sudo modprobe nvidia # 加载驱动

检查是否成功
lsmod | grep nvidia
nvidia-smi

都出现了正常输出。
然后把显示器线接回显卡，重启电脑。重启后，1屏亮、2屏不亮。
再次重启电脑，卡在deepin标志上。
再次重启电脑，终于进去了，两个屏幕都正常。
评价
Deepin在显卡驱动支持和图形桌面可用性上做的很不靠谱。本人负责维护团队内十几台deepin系统，使用 25.0.10镜像安装时，有的电脑能够顺利安装，有的安装成功之后无法进入图形桌面，需要手动安装开源驱动才能正常使用。成功的和不成功的之间并没有发现硬件区别，全都是14900K+5060显卡。
对于绝大多数用户来说，无法进入图形桌面就代表必须要放弃deepin系统，因为没有足够的解决能力。类似的问题在ubuntu上显然比较罕见，安装之后至少都是能够进入系统的。
建议开发团队多买几台电脑，每次出个新版本，都试试看在不同配置的电脑上能不能安装成功。
总觉得这个最为直观、最为基础的图形桌面可用性都没有搞稳定，其他功能做的再多也没用。